All of the following are TRUE statements about spacers and holding chambers, EXCEPT

• A. Do not require patient cooperation with their breathing pattern.
• B. Improve the efficiency of MDI.
• C. Can be used for drug delivery by MDI to intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.
• D. If a patient exhales immediately following activation of the inhaler, they will clear the medication from the device and waste the dose

Answer: (B)